G.E. Gavrilov

  (HEPD PNPI)

The nature of spontaneous self-sustained current sources in multiwire proportional chambers of LHC experiments.
  Abstract:
Over a long period of operation, large current spikes have repeatedly occurred in many multiwire proportional chambers (MWPCs) at the LHC, causing the emergency shutdown of the high-voltage power supply. In most cases, the behavior of the current is typically characterized by a spontaneous nature and point localization, which is comparable to the Malter effect. Numerous life tests of laboratory and full-scale MWPC samples of the CMS and LHCb experiments have shown that even the accumulated charge on anode wires equivalent in magnitude to 30-50 years of operation in the experiment does not lead to the failure of the detectors or the emergence of spontaneous self-sustaining currents. It became obvious that the nature of sources of such currents is associated with the unique operating conditions of an MWPC in the LHC experiment. Results of the complex studies of MWPCs, where spontaneous currents of tens of microamperes regularly appeared, show that nanocarbon graphite-like structures are formed on the detector cathodes. It is the nanocarbon structures on the copper foil of the cathode that cause spontaneous self-sustained currents in an MWPC.

L. David Roper (Prof. Emeritus of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) and Igor Strakovsky (GWU)

Baryon and Meson Excited States.
  Abstract:
The masses of seventeen baryon sets and twenty-four meson sets of three or more equal-quantum excited states are fitted by a simple two-parameter logarithm function, Mn = a Ln(n) + b, where n is the level of radial excitation. The conjecture is made that accurately measured masses of all equal-quantum baryons (including LHCb exotic Pc-bar-c) and meson excited states (including s-bar-s, s-bar-c, c-bar-c, c-bar-b, and b-bar-b states) are related by the logarithm function used here, at least for the mass range of currently known excited states. Thus, a universal mass equation for equal-quantum excited-state sets is presented.

Yu.F. Pirogov, O.V. Zenin

  (NRC KI -- IHEP)

Quartet-metric gravity and scalar graviton dark holes.
  Video
  Abstract:
In the framework of the quartet-metric gravity -- the concept of space--time with a metric extended by a set of selected dynamic vacuum coordinates as analogues of gravitational Higgs fields, the so called ``dark holes'' merging a central black hole and a peripheral scalar graviton dark halo are considered. It is shown that the dark holes may naturally explain asymptotically flat rotation curves, attributed conventionally to the existence of some dark matter. Possibilities of further modification of the basic dark holes, to convert them to more realistic ones for application in astrophysics and cosmology, are discussed.

V.P. Mitrofanov

  (Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow)

Gravitation waves and detection of them.
  Video
  Abstract:
A. Einstein predicted the gravitation waves in 1916 but they were observed for the first time by the LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) detector in 2015 from the collision of two black holes. Up to now, the gravitation waves were detected more than 200 times. Recently, new generation detectors are developed which will permit to answer many fundamental question in physics and astronomy.

K.A.Кuzakov

  (Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow)

Status and prospects of the tritium neutrino experiment SATURNE.
  Video
  Abstract:
The Sarov Tritium Neutrino Experiment (SATURNE) is part of the scientific program of the NCPhM and is currently at the R&D stage. The experiment will employ a tritium source of electron antineutrinos with an activity of at least 10 MCi (1 kg of tritium) and possibly up to 40 MCi (4 kg of tritium). It is expected that measurements using a He-4 detector in the superfluid state will allow for the first time to observe coherent elastic neutrino-atom scattering and to discover the neutrino magnetic moment μ_ν, or to set a new record upper limit on its value at the level of ~10^{-13} μB (90% C.L.). It is also planned to measure the ionization channel of neutrino-atom interactions using Si and SrI2(Eu) detectors with record-low energy thresholds for the corresponding detection systems, which will allow achieving sensitivity to the μ_ν value at the level of ~10^{-12} µB (90% C.L.).

V.F. Obrazstov

  (IHEP, Serpukhov)

OKA Experiment. Results on Kaon Decays.
  Video

V.I. Sbitnev

  (NRC KI - PNPI)

Relic Majorana Fermions as Possible Candidates for Dark Matter Particles.
  Abstract:
Among possible candidates for the role of dark matter particles, ranging from WIMPs (weakly interacting massive particles) to ultralight axions, Majorana fermions occupy an intermediate position in this line of candidates in terms of masses comparable to neutrino masses. The main paradigm underlying the derivation of the Majorana fermion is Lambda + Cold Dark Matter - LambdaCDM (Cold Dark Matter). The resulting formula for the mass of the Majorana fermion contains three key parameters - Planck's constant, the critical density distribution of dark matter, and the temperature of the relict cosmic radiation (T = 2.725 K). The calculated mass of the fermion (~0.04 eV) gives good agreement with the experimentally measured neutrino masses. This gives grounds to assert that Majorana fermions represent neutrinos. It follows from the formula that there may be three generations of fermions, each of which shows differences in mass.

V.P. Neznamov

  (VNIIEF, Sarov)

Quantum Models of Electron with Zero Self-energy.
  Video
  Abstract:
Two models of the electron with zero self-energy are proposed on the basis of the modernized regular charged Reissner-Nordtstr$\"{o}$m and Kerr-Newman metrics with quantum cores.

A.N. Semenova

  (NRC KI - PNPI)

Teleparallel Theory of Gravity by Hayashi-Shirafuji.
  (Presentation)
  Abstract:
The generally accepted theory of gravity is Einstein's General Theory of Relativity (GTR), where gravity is a consequence of the curvature of space-time due to the presence of matter. Despite the great success of this approach, there are certain difficulties with quantizing GTR and with describing Dark Matter within its framework. There is an idea to modify the theory of gravity in such a way that the effects of Dark Matter can be described as purely gravitational. One of the variants of such a modification is the teleparallel theory by Hayashi-Shirafuji, where the main geometric characteristic is torsion, and the dynamic variable is a tetrad.